Music Video Editing Task

Learning the basics of Premiere pro

Overall I like the way the Music video turned out, in the future I will work on the timing of the cuts being more in sync with the audio because sometimes the timing was slightly off.

Filming and Editing Techniques in Sequence

Shots used:

• Shot/reverse shot
• 180* rule
• 30* rule
• Cut in
• Crosscutting/parallel
• Establishing shot
• Match on action
• Temporal Overlap
• Kuleshov effect (reaction shots)
• Eisenstein Montage

Some of the shots could have had better examples and next time to improve I would rehearse the shots and have a better plan of what shots we want to achieve and how we will achieve them.

An editor is the coordination of one shot to the next and eliminating unwanted footage.

Editors job is closely tied to the director.

Establishing shot - a wide shot of a place, usually sets a scene

Shot/reverse shot - usually used in a conversation where you can see peoples head during a conversation.

180 rule - keeps one person on a separate side of the screen and set to another person

30 rule - the camera is at least 30* from the subject and consecutive shots.

crosscutting - different shots of things happening at the same time, can be in the same place or different places in the world, creates tension and build up.

Match on action - same action from end of shot too start of next shot

 Lighting Techniques

Low-key lighting

• Key light big dominant light
• full light opposite the key light
• backlights illuminate the on-screen subject
• hard lights create hard edges
• son light creates a more faded light
• cucilouries (cookies) faded pattern shadow
• Gobos pattern crisp shadow requires a specific lens
• Barndoors connect to the sides of the light angled out to contain the light and thin strips of light

Rembrandt lighting - like edge lighting but more of a triangle - can be achieved by using one light and a reflector 

Butterfly lighting - takes key light and lifts it creating dramatic light looking like a butterfly.

Edge lighting - a dramatic source of lighting that defines and separates one side of the face to the other, one is darker one is lighter.

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2 Creative Lighting Set ups

We used coloured gels on par-cans so when the subject walked past, with the use of a reflector a range of colours would light them.

We used the reflector to move the position of the coloured light this time rather than the subject moving so we still get multiple colours in the shot but while the subject is in the same position.

High-Key Lighting

High key lighting is where a scene is well lit and quite bright and usually suggests there is an up beat and uplifting atmosphere. This is mainly achieved through natural lighting as seen in this shot.

Low-Key Lighting

Low Key lighting is where a shot is dimly lit and appears quite dark usually suggesting a depressing or scary atmosphere. It's usually achieved indoors through artificial lighting as seen below.

 American New Wave Research 3

A decade under the influence

• All the big production companies were struggling as these big budget movies that were following the same formula that Hollywood had been reusing for decades was no longer connecting and entertaining for audiences to watch.
• Actors, directors and writers being contracted to singular studios all broke up in the mid to late 60s which was already a sign of the new wave as it allowed a lot more freedom and control to Auteurs rather than the studios producing the film. A lot of studios didn't want this change but they were panicking as the industry was dying and if they wanted to continue making money and success they had to change with the society around them which many of them one nothing about hence why New Hollywood filmmakers were typically young because they understood and were inspired by the world they were living in.
• This new audience had been politicalised by Vietnam and whose consciousness had been changed with drugs and it was an open audience that the big production studios didn't even know existed.
  
  
• Sydney Pollack says The new generation was questioning everything that they had been taught by society up until the 60s what was authority, what was virtue, what was heroism, what was sexuality, what was male, what was female. Therefore movies that people would never have been made 20 years before due to being controversial and political were now allowed to be made because this new audience weren't shying away from these questions.
• Pam Grier says the 70s were the first time we could celebrate the freedoms won from the 50s and 60s with art.
• Audiences were looking for something more meaningful than the glitz of white rich people I the 60s that an audience had no connection to whatsoever. It wanted to see difficult and different films and as a whole it just wanted to be challenged and surprised, not only by audiences but filmmakers themselves as very different and ambitious films came from this new wave of cinema.
• Hollywood hadn't changed in a long time and pleasure of movies was no longer being measured by how glamourous it looked or how many stars were featured but how much an individual spectator related to the film itself and the distance they lived from your own life.
• Artists no longer had to be employed they now could make an impact on society as much as world leaders could because they now had the power of influencing public opinion on any subject matter.
• The European films of the 60s had the most powerful influence on American filmmakers at that time as in the 60s, every major college campus and the area around on Friday nights, was full of kids going to see foreign films.

 American New wave research 2

Easy Riders Raging Bulls - Peter Biskind

• Events in the 50s, 60s and 70s started which shook Hollywood by causing a cultural revolution and therefore greatly changing the very singular demographic there had always been. Some of these events were "the Cold War, the universal fear of the Soviet Union, the paranoia of the red scare, the menace of the bomb-freeing anew generation of filmmakers frozen in the ice of 5os conformity. Then came, pell-mell, a series of Premonitory shocks - the civil rights movement, the Beatles, the pill, Vietnam, and drugs."(Biskind, 1998, pg14)
• The New wave in Hollywood was highly anticipated and long awaited as even though there were new waves taking place in the early 60s in other popular arts, due to movies being "expensive and time consuming to make," they were the slowest to respond to this cultural revolution and were at least half a decade late to the new wave. (Biskind, 1998, pg14)
• Due to it's long wait, there were many young, ambitious and talented aspiring filmmakers ready to start making films. Due to all these cultural events and movements, for the first time we saw the age restriction of having to be middle-aged, wealthy and highly educated to make a film be lifted. A lot of this was down to the fact university was becoming more of an option for the working class individual so the education to film courses was a lot more accessible which was why so many directors who notoriously had their debuts in the 60s and 70s were very young compared to the same very niche description of what a filmmaker had been for the last several decades.
• The 70s was the first time that kind of age restriction was lifted, as young people we're allowed to come rushing in with all their naïveté and their wisdom and all of the privileges of youth. It was just an Avalanche of brave new ideas, which is why the 70s was so watershed" - Steven Speilburg.
• Directors in New Hollywood were categorised into two groups. One consisting of white men typically born in the mid to late '30s some of which included, Peter Bodanovitch, Francis Coppola, Dennis Hopper, Woody Allen and Robert Altman. The second new wave group was made up of early boomers, born during and mostly after the Second World War often referred to as the film school generation, or the sp called movie brats. This included Scorsese, Speilburg, George, Lucas, John Milius, Paul Schrader and Terence Malick.
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Camera and lighting techniques 2 (Exposure Triangle Practical)

 Camera and lighting techniques 2

Exposure Triangle Practical Work

 Shutter Speed

As a rule of thumb, you want the denominator of your shutter speed to be approximately double the number of frames per second that you are recording. In other words, if you are recording at 24 or 25 frames per second, you want your shutter speed to be 1/50th of a second.

The first clip has a higher frame rate which makes the image more vivid and more motion is captured then the second clip.

Aperture

Aperture affects the depth of field and is the light that gets let into the lens.

A wide aperture makes the background blurred while a smaller aperture makes the background more in focus.

For establishing shots you'd use a narrow lens for a wide depth of field.

In the first shot, there is a smaller aperture compared to the second shot as the subject and the background is in focus, whereas in the second shot there is a wider aperture so the background is blurred while the subject is in focus.

ISO

ISO is what controls the brightness and darkness of a shot. The Higher the ISO number, the brighter the image will be, the lower the ISO number the darker the image will be. However, raising the Iso too high causes grain and noise in the image and should only be done if you cannot raise the brightness through the aperture and shutter speed.

The first shot has a higher ISO of 1600 while the second shot has a lower ISO of 200 making it a lot darker to the first shot.

American New Wave Research

 American New Wave

What influenced the American New Wave?

NewWaveFilm.com

http://www.newwavefilm.com/international/new-hollywood.shtml

• The American New Wave took place in the late 1960s and early 1980s when a new generation of young filmmakers came to prominence in America.
• The filmmakers work was known for being thematically complex, formally initiative, morally ambiguous, anti-establishment, and rich in mythic resonance. 
• A lot of inspiration came from the Vietnam war, elitist rulers and less likely to conform than the previous generation
• A lot of them were straight out of university as colleges had just started implementing film courses which led to a lot of the new wave films having younger directors.
• it is commonly known as 'New Hollywood"
• Films mainly financed by major studios but opposed previous mainstream films by taking a more stylistic and socially relevant approach.
• One of the main influences is the other New Waves taking place around the world across Europe and Asia and how they refurbished classic Hollywood genres and filming/editing styles.
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         Edge of Outside Documentary

• A lot of Talented film directors that came out of the American New wave started out as independent film makers because they had a new vision which big studios weren't sold on the idea of producing and due to these film makers not wanting to compromise there vision, they started independent.
• "An Independent film maker is one who couldn't making a film any way but their way." - Frederick Elmes (Edge of Outside documentary).
• Due to the change in filming throughout the new wave, a lot of the films were a mix of big budget blockbuster films like Jaws, Star Wars, The exorcist and the Godfather, there were also a large amount of low budget independent films that did arguably just as well at the box office like, easy rider, Badlands, Targets and Rocky
• When Hollywood started all directors were auteurs and independent film makers because it wasn't a business and it was brand new and their wasn't a defined way to create a film. So the reason the American New Wave is commonly known as New Hollywood is because the style of films being produced, was new and refurbished to how it had been done for the past several decades.
• Sam Peckinpah is a director who created some very influential films like The Wild Bunch(1969) which arguably was one of the catapulting films that started the American New wave.
• Peckinpahs personal assistant Katy Haber believes that Sam was an independent film maker that wasn't really allowed to be one. He was known for having conflicts with the studios producing his films because he wanted spectators to walk away from his films thinking about what he was trying to tell you and the studios didn't want that but still he persisted which is why he arguably is one of the directors that changed the way people look at film because he pushed for the change in Hollywood and paved the way for new filmmakers that came out of the new wave.
• Sam was known for portraying violence in a way that didn't glamorise it which is how he got the nickname of bloody Sam because he wanted audiences to watch his films then question violence in the real world and how his films were just a reflection of it. It was very political because he raised social issues that were very relevant at the time but the studios hiring him didn't want the controversy of it all.
• In The Wild Bunch the violence is seen from the children's perspective as a metaphor for the innocent being corrupted.
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